Home Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer



Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is used to analyze metal samples by determining the presence and concentration of metals in a liquid sample. Metals include Fe, Cu, Al, Pb, Ca, Zn, Cd and many more. It also measures the concentrations of metals in the samples. Typical concentrations range in the low mg/L range.

In their elemental form, metals will absorb ultraviolet light when they are excited by heat. Each metal has a characteristic wavelength that will be absorbed. The AAS instrument looks for a particular metal by focusing a beam of UV light at a specific wavelength through a flame and into a detector. The sample of interest is aspirated into the flame. If that metal is present in the sample, it will absorb some of the light, thus reducing its intensity. These instruments measure the change in intensity. A computer data system converts the change in intensity into an absorbance.

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(1/1) ErrorException

fwrite(): write of 1729 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded
in StreamHandler.php line 130
at HandleExceptions->handleError(8, 'fwrite(): write of 1729 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded', '/home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/monolog/monolog/src/Monolog/Handler/StreamHandler.php', 130, array('stream' => resource, 'record' => array('message' => 'ErrorException: file_put_contents(): write of 206 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded in /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122Stack trace:#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/home3/homeprod...\', 122, Array)#1 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/home3/homeprod...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\', 2)#2 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\Filesystem\\Filesystem->put(\'/home3/homeprod...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\', true)#3 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\Session\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'DTWQjgYdHrXzfuK...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\')#4 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(88): Illuminate\\Session\\Store->save()#5 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\Session\\Middleware\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#6 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#7 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/index.php(58): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#8 {main}', 'context' => array(), 'level' => 400, 'level_name' => 'ERROR', 'channel' => 'local', 'datetime' => object(DateTime), 'extra' => array(), 'formatted' => '[2026-08-01 01:09:17] local.ERROR: ErrorException: file_put_contents(): write of 206 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded in /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122Stack trace:#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/home3/homeprod...\', 122, Array)#1 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/home3/homeprod...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\', 2)#2 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\Filesystem\\Filesystem->put(\'/home3/homeprod...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\', true)#3 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\Session\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'DTWQjgYdHrXzfuK...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\')#4 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(88): Illuminate\\Session\\Store->save()#5 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\Session\\Middleware\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#6 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#7 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/index.php(58): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#8 {main} ')))
at fwrite(resource, '[2026-08-01 01:09:17] local.ERROR: ErrorException: file_put_contents(): write of 206 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded in /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122Stack trace:#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/home3/homeprod...\', 122, Array)#1 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/home3/homeprod...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\', 2)#2 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\Filesystem\\Filesystem->put(\'/home3/homeprod...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\', true)#3 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\Session\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'DTWQjgYdHrXzfuK...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\')#4 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(88): Illuminate\\Session\\Store->save()#5 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\Session\\Middleware\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#6 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#7 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/index.php(58): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#8 {main} ')in StreamHandler.php line 130
at StreamHandler->streamWrite(resource, array('message' => 'ErrorException: file_put_contents(): write of 206 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded in /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122Stack trace:#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/home3/homeprod...\', 122, Array)#1 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/home3/homeprod...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\', 2)#2 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\Filesystem\\Filesystem->put(\'/home3/homeprod...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\', true)#3 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\Session\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'DTWQjgYdHrXzfuK...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\')#4 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(88): Illuminate\\Session\\Store->save()#5 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\Session\\Middleware\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#6 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#7 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/index.php(58): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#8 {main}', 'context' => array(), 'level' => 400, 'level_name' => 'ERROR', 'channel' => 'local', 'datetime' => object(DateTime), 'extra' => array(), 'formatted' => '[2026-08-01 01:09:17] local.ERROR: ErrorException: file_put_contents(): write of 206 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded in /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122Stack trace:#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/home3/homeprod...\', 122, Array)#1 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/home3/homeprod...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\', 2)#2 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\Filesystem\\Filesystem->put(\'/home3/homeprod...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\', true)#3 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\Session\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'DTWQjgYdHrXzfuK...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\')#4 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(88): Illuminate\\Session\\Store->save()#5 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\Session\\Middleware\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#6 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#7 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/index.php(58): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#8 {main} '))in StreamHandler.php line 116
at StreamHandler->write(array('message' => 'ErrorException: file_put_contents(): write of 206 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded in /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122Stack trace:#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/home3/homeprod...\', 122, Array)#1 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/home3/homeprod...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\', 2)#2 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\Filesystem\\Filesystem->put(\'/home3/homeprod...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\', true)#3 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\Session\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'DTWQjgYdHrXzfuK...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\')#4 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(88): Illuminate\\Session\\Store->save()#5 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\Session\\Middleware\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#6 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#7 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/index.php(58): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#8 {main}', 'context' => array(), 'level' => 400, 'level_name' => 'ERROR', 'channel' => 'local', 'datetime' => object(DateTime), 'extra' => array(), 'formatted' => '[2026-08-01 01:09:17] local.ERROR: ErrorException: file_put_contents(): write of 206 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded in /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122Stack trace:#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/home3/homeprod...\', 122, Array)#1 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/home3/homeprod...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\', 2)#2 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\Filesystem\\Filesystem->put(\'/home3/homeprod...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\', true)#3 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\Session\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'DTWQjgYdHrXzfuK...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\')#4 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(88): Illuminate\\Session\\Store->save()#5 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\Session\\Middleware\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#6 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#7 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/index.php(58): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#8 {main} '))in AbstractProcessingHandler.php line 39
at AbstractProcessingHandler->handle(array('message' => 'ErrorException: file_put_contents(): write of 206 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded in /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122Stack trace:#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/home3/homeprod...\', 122, Array)#1 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/home3/homeprod...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\', 2)#2 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\Filesystem\\Filesystem->put(\'/home3/homeprod...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\', true)#3 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\Session\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'DTWQjgYdHrXzfuK...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\')#4 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(88): Illuminate\\Session\\Store->save()#5 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\Session\\Middleware\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#6 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#7 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/index.php(58): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#8 {main}', 'context' => array(), 'level' => 400, 'level_name' => 'ERROR', 'channel' => 'local', 'datetime' => object(DateTime), 'extra' => array(), 'formatted' => '[2026-08-01 01:09:17] local.ERROR: ErrorException: file_put_contents(): write of 206 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded in /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122Stack trace:#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/home3/homeprod...\', 122, Array)#1 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/home3/homeprod...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\', 2)#2 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\Filesystem\\Filesystem->put(\'/home3/homeprod...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\', true)#3 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\Session\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'DTWQjgYdHrXzfuK...\', \'a:3:{s:6:"_toke...\')#4 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(88): Illuminate\\Session\\Store->save()#5 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\Session\\Middleware\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#6 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#7 /home3/homeproduct/public_html/index.php(58): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#8 {main} '))in Logger.php line 344
at Logger->addRecord(400, object(ErrorException), array())in Logger.php line 707
at Logger->error(object(ErrorException), array())in Writer.php line 203
at Writer->writeLog('error', object(ErrorException), array())in Writer.php line 114
at Writer->error(object(ErrorException))in Handler.php line 71
at Handler->report(object(ErrorException))in Handler.php line 35
at Handler->report(object(ErrorException))in HandleExceptions.php line 81
at HandleExceptions->handleException(object(ErrorException))